konversi_timezone(27 Jan 2023 11:24, America/New_York, 'full date') IC Markets vs XM: Which has the Better Spread?
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IC Markets vs XM: Which has the Better Spread?



Jan 27, 2023  
Spreads on IC Markets vs XM broker may vary depending on the specific account type and market conditions.

Both IC Markets and XM are some of the most well-known forex brokers in the industry. They welcome traders of various trading styles and backgrounds with speedy execution. However, which has the better spread between IC Markets vs XM?

In general, IC Markets may have the lowest spread, but XM is better when it comes to overall fees (spreads and commissions). Nevertheless, spreads offered by forex brokers may vary depending on the specific account type and market conditions. As we could not monitor global spreads fluctuation in real-time, we can only compare the available rules for spreads on IC Markets vs XM broker. Let's study it thoroughly.

 

What are the spreads on IC Markets?

IC Markets has long been providing some of the tightest spreads among all forex brokers worldwide through their Raw Spread Account. On the MetaTrader and cTrader platforms, raw spreads begin at 0.0 pips. Their average EUR/USD spread, as low as 0.1 pips, is now one of the tightest in the world.

Minimum spreads on IC Markets:

  • Raw Spread account (cTrader): 0.0 pips
  • Raw Spread account (Metatrader): 0.0 pips
  • Standard account (cTrader): 0.6 pips

How did they do that? IC Markets is able to constantly find the best deal for its clients and maintain narrow spreads by combining quotes from up to 25 different liquidity providers. It greatly benefits traders, particularly during periods of extreme volatility like those following high-impact events.

IC Markets' Depth of Market (DOM) also shows the whole range of executable prices directly from level II liquidity providers. It enables complete transparency of each currency pair by displaying the volumes that are currently available for each price level. Meanwhile, low latency and high liquidity ensure the narrowest spreads feasible 24/5.

All of that doesn't come cheap, however. IC Markets charges a commission fee of $3.0 per USD100,000 in cTrader and $3.5 per USD100,000 in Metatrader. It is not the most expensive in the industry, but it is also not the most affordable.

You can choose their Standard Account instead if you don't want to deal with it. IC Markets' Standard Account charges zero commission per lot per side, but spreads are comparably higher, starting at 0.6 pips.

 

What are the spreads on XM?

XM broker offers three types of trading accounts for forex traders: Micro, Standard, and Ultra Low. Spreads on XM can be as low as 0.6 pips in their Ultra Low account, or as low as 1 pip in Micro and Standard accounts.

All of them are free of commission fees. As such, you may open an account in XM to enjoy cheaper trading costs.

Minimum spreads on XM:

  • Micro account: 1 pip
  • Standard account: 1 pip
  • XM Ultra Low account: 0.6 pips
  • Shares account: as per the underlying exchange

Notwithstanding its affordability, it needs to be noted that XM is not an ECN broker and does not provide DOM. It means that XM's environment may be preferable for beginners who will benefit from simpler trading platforms than for more experienced traders who seek better transparency.

Keep in mind that XM's status as a market maker does not make it uncompetitive. Due to its low minimum deposit requirement and competitive pricing, XM remains a favorite for more than 3.5 million clients in over 200 countries.

 

Conclusion

IC Markets and XM equally apply floating spreads on all account types. However, they implement different pricing structures.

IC Markets has the lowest spread, while XM offers cheaper fees overall. Due to this contrast, traders are recommended to choose the one that is most suitable for their trading styles and available capital.

Look over their respective demo accounts to understand how their spreads work in real market environment. It's also crucial to take into account additional aspects before making a choice, including the trading platforms, customer support, and the overall reputation of the broker.


25 Comments

Jimmy carter

Jan 28 2023

For a moment, I read about IC Markets finding the best deals for their customers through liquidity providers. I was shocked and tried to read it carefully and found that what I had read above was correct. So, are we as clients trading with a broker a live market directly or not? Why do the brokers need some liquidity provider? I guess all of this time, I was trading directly in the forex market. Wow, it changes my attitude towards brokers. Because many of them said about trading the live market directly, fast execution, and another word that said you can trade directly through your broker. I mean is all brokers all same with IC Market? The broker that uses liquidator provider to access the Forex market.

Sally

Jan 28 2023

Jimmy Carter : Do not be disappointed, in fact not all brokers in the world are connected to the forex market. It is simply a bridge for a client or trader to connect with a liquidation provider that has access to live markets.

There are several types of brokers namely Non-Dealing Desk, Dealing Desk and ECN. You can read the details here: Brokers Type that you must know

For now, let's focus on the No Deal Table (NDD) first. If you have read the article I shared above, you will see that NDD works like this:

 

As you can see, the brokers actually send your order to the secondary liquidity provider, which is the bank or other financial provider, then the secondary LP sends the broker's order through the primary liquidity provider, then the order will be sent to the market forex exchange. And with this situation, as a trader, we cannot know the depth on maarket condition and due to many processes going on, spreads can increase, and the broker can mark up the spread too. So don't be confused if some brokers can apply spreads from 0 pips to 1-2 pips or even more.

Gabriel

Jan 28 2023

Don't forget about ECN brokers as they can also be the main liquidity providers but most of them include IC Market which will send your order through other major banks or central banks with good rates for them. Roughly like this:


YOU >>> ECN BROKER >>> MAJOR LIQUIDER >>> CHILD MARKET

So basically, not all brokers are directly connected to the market. I can say that they only send your trade into the market. But in return, they will charge you the difference or commission.

Can you trade Forex without a broker? Yes, you can if your money is the same as that of central banks and you have direct access to the forex market. Sounds impossible, doesn't it? So as a trader we desperately need a broker.

Morgan

Jan 28 2023

What is DOM? I mean both the IC Market explanation and the XM Market explanation have this term. Is it very important? Why do some brokers like XM not offer it? The article says can DOM be transparent. I think all brokers need to be transparent because as we know the job of brokers is to send our money to the market. So, if the broker wants us to trust him, he must at least show transparency of the market. Or do I have a wrong definition of transparency that involved DOM? Can someone explain it to me? Thank you!

Junior

Jan 28 2023

Morgan: Depth of Market is a feature available when using a RAW account, also known as an ECN account. With this feature, you can view the entire market in depth including other traders' positions, actual spreads and all real market conditions. (Read here for the details : Depth of Market)

And because of this feature your spread can be 0.0 or even no spread, the brokers can't give you spreads because you really know the real market spread. Scalping, professional traders and even EA users can use this to great advantage. Therefore, DOM can provide you with transparency.

But Depth of Market also has its downsides. Since it is not possible to charge a spread, brokers charge a higher commission than other accounts. And the usual side-loading facility. For example like this: If you open a position, you will be charged $3, then you close the position, you will be charged $3 again. So the total commission charged for a trade is $6. Therefore, it will not be suitable for a new trader to trade with an ECN account.

Rihan Miya

Apr 15 2023

@Morgan:DOM stands for "Depth of Market", which is a feature of trading platforms that displays the current market depth for a particular financial instrument. The DOM displays the order book for the instrument, including the best bid and ask prices, as well as the quantities of orders at each price level.

In terms of importance, the DOM can be a valuable tool for traders who use scalping or other short-term trading strategies, as it provides them with real-time information about the current market depth, which can help them make informed decisions about their trades.

Not all brokers offer the DOM feature, as it requires access to real-time market data and may incur additional costs for the broker. However, brokers who do offer the DOM can use it as a selling point to attract traders who value this type of market transparency.

Transparency in trading refers to the degree to which market participants have access to information about the market and the trading process. DOM can be seen as one aspect of transparency, as it provides traders with real-time information about the current state of the market. However, transparency can also refer to factors such as the execution quality of trades, the pricing of assets, and the overall fairness of the trading environment.

In general, it's important for brokers to prioritize transparency in their operations, as this helps to build trust with their clients and creates a more fair and equitable trading environment.

Yugo

Jan 29 2023

Hey, I'm a bit confused about the commission fees charged by IC Markets. The article mentions that IC Markets charges a commission fee of $3.0 per USD100,000 in cTrader and $3.5 per USD100,000 in Metatrader. My first question is, is it normal for commission fees to differ based on the trading platform? And are there any factors that determine the difference in commission fees?

My second question is related to the commission fee itself. The article says $3 per USD 100,000 and $3.5 per USD 100,000, but what does that mean exactly? And if I were to trade 100,000 EUR instead of USD, would the commission fee be the same or different?

Carlos

May 16 2023

Hey dude, I can help you out with your questions about IC Markets' commission fees. The article says they charge $3.0 per USD100,000 in cTrader and $3.5 per USD100,000 in Metatrader. So, your first question is whether it's normal for commission fees to vary depending on the trading platform. The answer is yes, it's pretty common for brokers to have different commission fees for different platforms. This is because the costs and features of each platform can be different.

Regarding your second question, the article mentions $3 per USD100,000 and $3.5 per USD100,000, but what does that mean exactly? Well, it means that for every lot you trade, which is equivalent to 100,000 units of the base currency (in this case, USD), you'll be charged a commission fee of either $3.0 or $3.5, depending on the platform. So, if you trade one lot of USD, you'll be charged $3.0 in cTrader and $3.5 in Metatrader.

If you were to trade 100,000 EUR instead of USD, the commission fee would still be calculated based on the USD equivalent. So, if the exchange rate is 1.20, then the commission fee for trading one lot of 100,000 EUR would be $3.6 in cTrader ($3.0 x 1.20) and $4.2 in Metatrader ($3.5 x 1.20).

Hope that clears things up for you! Let me know if you have any more questions, dude.

Agus

Feb 20 2023

There is so much account that I can choose in XM. ANd what suprisingly is we can choose the account without need to paid any commission which is good for beginner trader. I mean, as you know, sometimes the brokers will charge commission in trading and can reduce siginifcance your profit. Based on XM, there are 3 types that we can choose and I am confused to choose that. SO, What factors should a trader consider when choosing an account type on XM, and how do these factors relate to their trading strategy, level of experience, and risk tolerance?

Grealish

May 16 2023

Hi there! I think you need to pay attention for this. Firstly, you should consider the trading platform that you prefer to use, as XM offers two types of trading platforms: MetaTrader 4 and MetaTrader 5. You should choose an account type that is compatible with your preferred trading platform.

XM offers three main account types, including the Micro, Standard, and XM Ultra Low accounts. Each account type has different features and trading conditions that suit different trading needs and goals. The Micro account is ideal for beginners who want to start trading with small amounts of money, while the Standard account is suitable for more experienced traders who want to trade larger contract sizes and have access to more trading tools and features. The XM Ultra Low account is suitable for traders who want to trade with tight spreads and without any commissions.

You should also consider the level of leverage offered by XM, as high leverage can increase your potential profits, but also increase your risk. You should choose a leverage level that matches your risk tolerance and trading strategy.

Additionally, you should consider the trading instruments offered by XM, which include Forex, CFDs, and cryptocurrencies. You should choose an account type that offers the trading instruments you want to trade.

Finally, you should consider the trading conditions offered by XM for each account type, such as spreads, commissions, and trading hours.

Ferran

May 18 2023

Additional information, in my opinion, if you are a scalper, then XM's Ultra Low account might be a suitable choice for you. This account type is specifically designed for scalping and offers some of the lowest spreads on the market, starting from 0.0 pips. Additionally, the Ultra Low account does not charge any commissions, which can further reduce trading costs.

It's important to note that XM offers some of the tightest spreads on the market, which can be beneficial for scalping. Furthermore, XM allows hedging and scalping strategies, allowing traders to take advantage of short-term price movements in the markets.

As a beginner and scalper, the Ultra Low account may be the best option for you. However, it's important to remember that when choosing an account, you should consider your individual needs and trading goals to ensure that the account type you choose meets your requirements.

Nahiyan Bin Idress

Apr 15 2023

Can you provide a comprehensive analysis of the spreads offered by IC Markets and XM, including a detailed comparison of the types of accounts available, the average spread ranges for different currency pairs, and any other relevant factors that could impact the overall cost of trading on these platforms? Additionally, could you also discuss any potential drawbacks or limitations associated with trading on either IC Markets or XM, and provide recommendations for traders who are looking to minimize their trading costs and maximize their profitability?

Leony

Apr 26 2023

@Nahiyan Bin Idress: IC Markets and XM are both solid brokers in the trading world, and they have different account types to cater to different trading styles.

IC Markets has three account types: Raw Spread, Standard, and Islamic. The Raw Spread account has the lowest spreads, but comes with a commission, while the Standard account has higher spreads but no commission. The Islamic account is designed for Muslim traders who need swap-free trading.

XM, on the other hand, offers two account types: Standard and XM Ultra Low. The Standard account has higher spreads, while the XM Ultra Low account has tighter spreads, but both accounts have their pros and cons.

When it comes to spreads, both brokers offer competitive pricing on major currency pairs like EUR/USD. On IC Markets, the Raw Spread account typically has an average spread of around 0.1 pips for EUR/USD, while on XM, the XM Ultra Low account typically has an average spread of around 0.9 pips for EUR/USD.

However, traders should also consider other factors that could impact the overall cost of trading, such as commissions, platforms, and other fees. For example, the Raw Spread account on IC Markets has low spreads but comes with a commission, while XM Ultra Low has tighter spreads but also comes with a commission.

In terms of drawbacks or limitations, IC Markets only offers MetaTrader 4 and 5 as their trading platforms, which might not be ideal for traders who prefer other platforms. Meanwhile, XM offers a variety of platforms, including their proprietary XM WebTrader platform.

Overall, traders should choose a broker and account type that fits their trading style and goals. Whether you're a scalper or a swing trader, it's important to consider all factors when choosing a broker to trade with.

Alexander Goth

Apr 26 2023

I'm curious about STP brokers that offer Raw Spreads. As far as I understand, STP brokers are supposed to pass orders directly to liquidity providers, so how are they able to offer Raw Spreads? Can you explain the process by which STP brokers offer Raw Spreads to traders? Thanks!

joao

Apr 29 2023

@Alexander Goth: STP brokers work by sending your orders directly to liquidity providers. These liquidity providers can be big banks, financial institutions, or other players in the market. They offer competitive bid and ask prices for different trading instruments. Now, when you place an order with an STP broker, they gather all the available bid and ask prices from their liquidity providers. They want to make sure you get the best prices possible, so they combine all those juicy numbers.

But wait, there's more! The broker adds a teeny-tiny markup to the aggregated prices they received. This little markup is their way of making some dough for their services. It covers their costs and helps them make a profit. And voila, you got yourself some Raw Spreads! These spreads are the final prices you see on your trading platform. They're based on the aggregated prices plus that small markup. But hey, there's no funny business going on here. The broker doesn't add any extra markups or manipulate the prices. You're getting the real deal, just like in the market. You can read more about the comparison about those pricing model in here : Raw Spread Vs Low Spread ECN

Ryan

May 25 2023

I came across this fascinating article that delves into the offerings of IC Markets and XM, highlighting their incredibly low spreads starting from 0.0. However, what intrigued me even more was the mention of potential spread variations across different trading platforms, specifically Metatrader and cTrader, particularly at IC Markets. This raised a question in my mind: Is it possible for the spreads to differ across various trading platforms within the same broker, and if so, what factors or reasons might contribute to such variations? It would be great to gain a deeper understanding of how the choice of trading platform can impact the spreads offered by brokers like IC Markets and XM.

Udin

Jun 1 2023

@Ryan: So, here's the deal: the spreads can indeed vary across different trading platforms within the same broker like IC Markets and XM. This happens because of a few reasons. First, each platform might have different liquidity providers, which means they offer different bid and ask prices, resulting in varied spreads. Second, platform features and execution methods can also play a role. Some platforms use Straight Through Processing (STP) execution, while others have a Market Maker model, affecting the spreads. Lastly, market conditions can cause spreads to widen. During high volatility or low liquidity, spreads tend to get wider. So, when you're checking out IC Markets and XM, make sure to consider the specific platform you'll be using. Look into the features, execution methods, and liquidity providers to make an informed choice. Happy trading, my friend!

Julious

Sep 13 2023

Hello dude, good afternoon, sorry, I'm really new to Forex. I don't really understand Forex terminology and seem very confused by Forex terms. There are several questions I want to ask. As an aspiring forex trader, I am curious to understand how brokers determine the spreads they offer on currency pairs.
I would like to know what factors many brokers such as IC Markets and XM consider when modifying spreads. Can someone explain to me? and again, if I want to do scalping, why does scalping need very low spreads?

Stephani

Sep 14 2023

Overall, brokers determine the spreads they offer on currency pairs based on a combination of market conditions, liquidity, their own costs and profit margin, and the trading volume of their clients. So, it is not just adding some modification of the spread with profitable but also many factors included and more detail, I can list at below :

  • Market condition, The most important factor affecting spreads is the supply and demand dynamics of the market. If there is high demand for a particular currency pair, the spread can be tight, which means that the difference between the bid and ask prices will be smaller. Conversely, if demand is weak, the spread can widen, which means that the difference between the bid and ask prices will be larger.
  • Liquidity is another crucial factor that determines the spread. The more liquid a currency pair, the tighter the spread is likely to be. This is because a more liquid market means that there are more buyers and sellers in the market, which creates more competition and narrower spreads.
  • Broker's markup, trading volume, and even time of day can affect the spread as well.

All the factors above are basically the same from broker to broker. It's the same with IC Markets and XM too

Furthermore, for the problem of scalping, remember that scalping is trading with very short opening and closing price times and can make many entries. Because it generates many entries, spreads are calculated more frequently. And if the spread is high then the transaction costs are also high. This is why scalping requires low spreads. The standard unit of spread in pips and 1 pip is usually $10, but if you trade 0.1 lot or 0.01 lot, the pip can be $1 and $0.10.

Danielle

Sep 14 2023

I know that every broker is competing to provide comfortable trading with low costs, including spreads. However, there are several things I'm curious about, including the currency pairs provided by the broker. There are so many currencies on offer that I'm confused about which one is the most profitable. In your opinion, what is the best currency to trade? Is IC Markets or XM really friendly to beginners like me?

Hailey

Sep 15 2023

Maybe some people who don't understand trading will choose to trade EUR/USD because they think it will provide a more volatile market and a more stable market.
However, For me, as a novice trader and most of my coaches have also said, there is no one "best" currency pair to trade in forex, as the optimal choice of currency pair depends largely on your individual trading style, risk tolerance, and personal preference. Some currency pairs that are very friendly to trade:

EUR/USD (Euro/US Dollar)
USD/JPY (US Dollar/Japanese Yen)
GBP/USD (British Pound/US Dollar)
USD/CHF (US Dollar/Swiss Franc)
AUD/USD (Australian Dollar/US Dollar)
USD/CAD (US Dollar/Canadian Dollar)
NZD/USD (New Zealand Dollar/US Dollar)


These currency pairs are known as "major pairs" because they represent the most traded currencies in the world. However, there are also "minor pairs" and "exotic pairs" that can be traded in forex, and these may offer unique opportunities depending on market conditions and your trading strategy. However, this pair is not widely traded. So, it is best to have a Main Pair.

IC Markets or XM have very low spreads and standard accounts have no commission. Therefore, it is helpful for new traders to trade without worrying about high transaction fees.

Herry

Oct 29 2023

I've noticed something interesting about IC Markets. They have different minimum spreads depending on the trading platform you choose. For Raw Spread accounts, both cTrader and Metatrader offer a super low minimum spread of 0.0 pips. But when it comes to the Standard account on cTrader, the minimum spread is a bit higher at 0.6 pips.

I'm thinking of switching to cTrader because I'm kinda getting bored with Metatrader. While it's got the basics covered, I'm looking for a more modern and unique trading platform. I believe having the ability to trade on various platforms is a smart move. It's like having a backup plan – if one platform has issues, I can smoothly switch to another without needing to start from scratch. Pretty cool, right?

Kenny

Nov 20 2023

It said that IC Markets is able to constantly find the best deal for its clients and maintain narrow spreads by combining quotes from up to 25 different liquidity providers. It greatly benefits traders, particularly during periods of extreme volatility like those following high-impact events.

But here's the thing bugging me: what's the deal with these liquidity providers? I keep seeing this term in every broker review I check out, not just once, but like all the time. Are these providers traders too, or what's their deal in this whole trading scene? And is it normal for a broker to have loads of these liquidity providers? Like, what if I compare it to a broker that only has one liquidity provider? Who's the winner in that showdown?

Fernan

Mar 30 2024

It's mentioned that IC Markets is adept at consistently securing the best deals for its clients and maintaining tight spreads by aggregating quotes from as many as 25 different liquidity providers. This approach proves highly advantageous for traders, especially during periods of heightened volatility such as those following major events.

But here's what's been on my mind: what's the deal with these liquidity providers? I keep coming across this term in all the broker reviews I read, not just occasionally, but pretty much every time. Are these providers involved in trading too, or what exactly is their role in the trading landscape? And is it common for a broker to have such a large number of liquidity providers? For instance, how does a broker with multiple liquidity providers stack up against one that only has a single provider? Who comes out on top in that comparison?

Jian

Apr 3 2024

Hello! Liquidity providers are like the suppliers of liquidity in the market, usually big banks or financial institutions. When a broker like IC Markets taps into quotes from lots of these providers, it's like having access to a buffet of options for buying and selling assets. This can be great for us traders because it means better prices and tighter spreads, especially when the market gets wild.

Now, whether a broker works with just a few providers or a bunch like IC Markets, it's all about finding the right balance. More providers can mean better pricing and deeper liquidity, but it also brings more complexity. On the flip side, fewer providers might mean simpler operations but could also mean less competitive pricing.

Bottom line: It's about finding a broker setup that suits your trading style. If tight spreads and reliable execution are your jam, a broker with multiple liquidity providers like IC Markets could be a solid choice. But always do your homework before diving in!


4.02/5

Established : 2007
Location :
Regulation :
Min Deposit : $200
Leverage : 1:1000

Han

Aug 24 2023

This is the one I have been looking for throughout my trading career. A handy app, It allows me to make trades efficiently, keep track of positions and quickly access trading tools.Design is intuitive

Bridget Rivera

Feb 13 2023

This is the third time this month that I can't be logged in to my trading account. It always happens when I let my position open too long. Considering I tend to open a long position, this happens more often than you'd think. Sure, it can be fixed as soon as possible, but that is not ideal. They should at least do something to prevent it. Really disappointed.

James Erickson

Feb 8 2023

All good, smooth, and peachy until you are trying to withdraw some money from them. Wait, let me rephrase that until you are trying to withdraw a significant amount of money. For some reason, there are always problems that cause it to. They keep blaming my bank. The funny thing is, I can move money around banks easily, never had probs before this. I even tried to use other methods and still, the same problem happened.

Stephanie Munoz

Feb 1 2023

Well, I honestly don't have anything bad to say about this broker. However, I couldn't say anything too good about them either. Sure there are some good things but most of the time it just felt mediocre. But, I think there are some ways to improve some of their features. For example, I hope they will add an option to deposit or withdraw with crypto USDT or any other crypto besides Bitcoin. That would be cool.

Vera Peters

Jan 23 2023

How many demo accounts can I create in the IC Markets? For records, I don't actually use it to learn, Instead, I use it to backtest my strategy, I find it much more comfortable. But, I just found out that IC Markets has a limited amount of demo accounts to create. What should I do if I have reached the limits. So far I have just made around 5-6 demo accounts. How much more chances do I have?
3.38/5

Established : 2009
Location :
Regulation :
Min Deposit : $5
Leverage : 1:1000

Giorgio Caruso

Apr 20 2024

I encourage traders of this broker to explore the entire platform. XM offers a lot of tools and features that can help a traders experience. Starting from the education on the platform which is great, the broker also offers several bonuses and intruiging trading account types. On top of that, there is copy trading here, and a couple of contests that confident traders can participate in to win some cash. It is not the main point of trading but it...

Ly Van Trieu

Apr 6 2024

That is a full-fledged trading platform. Srsly, I can't even think of something missing here. Over a thousand of trading instruments, nice leverage size and quite tasty bonuses. When I entered trading with the XM, I had already had a solid sum of money, so I received their two-tier bonus that included 50% + 20% at once. It's an appealing thing to increase capital under operation this way.

Andrea

Aug 31 2023

Account Number: (1685xxx)

Awesome execution time

Kuala Lumpur Trader

Mar 28 2023

The best trader so far, offering a lot of seasonal promos and Bonus ;) Best support I ever had from a broker.

Carman Charles

Mar 1 2023

Easily one of the best forex brokers I have ever experienced. Although I believe they are more suitable for newbie traders. I am sure many people know them because of their extensive marketing everywhere. But they have a pretty decent service. Good trading cost, not too steep, and a good education program to support young traders. However, some of my professional traders do not enjoy using them. But, I could not say anything in their place. I guess it's something...
IC Markets Comparison
IC Markets XM
Rating
4.02/5
4.02/5
Established 2007 2009
Min Deposit $200 $5
Max Leverage 1:1000 1:1000
Website Visit Visit

IC Markets vs Other Brokers